Green, Herbert Spencer and Henry Sidgwick. These assumptions are analysed by exploring the conceptions of international society found in three of the most influential thinkers of the time, T. Liberal internationalism was a broad church and many (but not all) of its fundamental assumptions about the nature and direction of international progress and the importance of civilization were shared by large swathes of the intellectual elite. In this essay we outline some of the broader characteristics of the internationalist outlook that many liberals shared and specifically discuss the claims about international society that they articulated. The fundamental distinction between civilized and barbarian nations meant that while this perceived society was international, in no sense was it global. The vision usually included a notion of an incipient or immanent international society composed of civilized nations. In the second half of the nineteenth century, British liberal ideology contained an open-ended vision of international order.
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June 2023
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